How to Help Your Child Survive An Active Shooting
We think that the necessity of teaching kids to survive a possible shooting is all wrong and crazy.
No parent (including me) wants to hear, think about, or talk about teaching kids this kind of safety.
But, if nothing else, we can increase kids’ chances of survival; the stress of having this conversation is worth it.
What kids need to know:
- No single proven method exists to get out of this situation.
- Shooting usually lasts less than 5-10 minutes – kids need to survive this amount of time.
- They are on their own for that time until help arrives and need to commit to rescuing themselves – they should listen to their teachers, but keep in mind that they may not help everyone.
If your kids are young (3-5 years old), you can play games (see Practices below) and omit conversations until they can handle them.
If your kids are older (5-10 years old), you can gently start talking about what has helped people survive a shooting.
How to start this conversation:
Tips:
- It’s easier to have these conversations outside and while walking.
- Keep them under 3-5 minutes.
- Stop if you feel anxiety, fear, or resistance.
- Never force your child to talk about anything if he is not ready.
- Always answer questions.
- Leave the door open – tell your child he can always come to you with any question, no matter how scary or weird it may seem – you are an adult, and you can handle it.
- Keep answers to a level kids can accept.
- Provide examples like this:
A librarian who saved 55 students had prior relevant experience of a similar situation and, as a result, following the “hide” part of the lockdown procedure:
- Recognized the sound of actual gunshots quickly
- Pulled kids into the room and locked it
- Covered the window at the door
- ! Turned lights off
- Instructed kids to hide, stay put, and be quiet so that the room seemed empty
If you are not sure, you can be calm talking about it for the first time – show kids a video with a safety lesson by an elementary school teacher – it is listed in the resources at the end of this article.
How to make sure kids understand and remember what to do:
Kids forget things quickly.
Beyond conversations, kids need to practice and reinforce the skills.
Safety is like swimming – you can’t teach it by just talking and watching videos.
Even though many schools do drills, as a parent, it’s your responsibility to make sure your child understands and remembers what to do.
Kids need to know about 4 possible steps of surviving a shooting:
Recognize – Run - Hide – Fight
Step 1: Recognize the shooting
The faster people evacuate, the higher their chances for survival.
In stressful situations, people may freeze and waste crucial time by not believing a shooting is happening.
This brain inertia is called “normalcy bias”.
It happens when the brain refuses to accept the danger and underestimates the possible effects. The brain believes things will always function the way they usually have.
The faster people react, the more likely they are to run away.
That's why we need to have these conversations despite stress and anxiety.
How to help kids recognize the shooting fast
If kids are at school, their teacher or the intercom system will most likely alert them.
In all other places, kids need to figure it out on their own or follow the instructions of a trusted adult.
This includes knowing what guns sound and look like.
Recognize shooting by sound: Take kids to a kid-friendly place where they can hear real gun sounds in a safe environment. In real life, the sound is different from what you hear in movies. Use ear protection.
Practice 1: Introduce kids to the sound and look of guns in a kid-friendly way:
-
- Military and history museums have open house days and do pretend battles. These guns may be old models, but they are still guns.
- If you or someone you know owns guns (and your kids are old enough), you can take them to a place where you practice and let them hear the sounds. It should be an age-appropriate and kid-safe place.
Recognize guns by look: find an appropriate place to show kids real guns
Practice 2: Teach kids the names and types of the most popular firearms (pistols, rifles, shotguns)
- Military or history museums often display modern guns.
- Your police department may organize field trips for kids and have a museum or an exhibition.
- Show your guns if you have them. Follow safety rules.
- A gun store or a hunt is not an appropriate place for kids to learn safety.
- Teach kids that if they see a gun, they need to move away and tell their trusted adult immediately and descretly (for example, a person in a grocery store with a visible weapon in a purse or pocket; any gun during a play date)
Step 2: Run
Running from the building towards a safe location is the first option to consider.
At this step, the goal is to teach kids three things:
- Situation awareness
Teach your child to pay attention to what’s around you, how the environment changes, who is around you, and what feels odd (people who do not belong to the environment or alerting behaviors.)
Practice: [The course: “Teach Your Child Ultimate Safety” has an entire module of games to help kids build the skill of situation awareness]
- Spatial awareness
Teach your child to pay attention to the layouts of buildings, location of the stairs, corridors, hallways, emergency exits, windows, and mark them as possible evacuation routes.
+ Note the objects that can serve as covers (walls, columns, vending machines).
Practice 3: Figure out evacuation plans for the places you visit most often and practice modeling these plans until it becomes a habit. (This saves lives during fires and crowd emergencies as well.)
At some point, your child will see a pattern of how emergency layouts are designed in different public places and anticipate the stairs, exits, etc.
Practice 4: Check how to change the environment to let you evacuate (what can you use to break a window or force a locked exit door to open: fire extinguishers, heavy objects, tools, tactical flashlights, cubatons, tactical pens - google what they are).
- Move while changing directions and in zigzags in the open space
Shooting a moving target is times harder than someone who is still.
If you can, hide behind the objects - put objects between you and the shooter.
Practice 5: Take kids to a laser tag, Nerf gun place, squirt guns, or paintball obstacle course so that they can practice running and hiding.
Practice 6: Teach kids to run fast by signing them up for soccer, baseball, or athletic training.
Alternative Step 2: Hide
If evacuation is not possible, the next option is to hide.
An active shooter is less likely to force his way through locked doors than to look for easier targets.
At this step, your goal is to teach kids to hide and never open doors for anyone, for any reason (shooters may pretend to be a victim asking for help or shelter in the room).
Remind kids that everyone must be quiet, phones must be on silent, lights off, and blinds shut.
Call 911 – don’t assume someone already did!
Practice the skill of hiding during a shooting or home invasion:
Practice 7: Play classic hide-and-seek when kids play with each other or you.
Practice 8: Brainstorm emergency hide-and-seek and find unusual hiding places (if your child is not with a group and needs to hide on his own)
Precaution:
- Discuss with kids that most of these places are inappropriate and dangerous for regular hide-and-seek.
- Never let kids hide there during play.
- Use these places only in a shooting emergency.
- Make sure kids are not in danger of suffocation in those places (like dryers or washers).
- Make sure kids know how to get out of those places and can do it without help.
Walk around your house, class, church, or other building to find unusual places to hide in case of a shooting:
- Inside the cabinets and under the counters
- Lying flat under the piled covers, blankets, or laundry
- Any area several feet above head level - people rarely look up
- Inside boxes, chests, wagons, containers, drawers, or shelves
- In attics or sheds
- Under trampolines, flipped buckets, or boxes
Find as many as you can.
Discuss new places as you go to new buildings (stores, cinemas, parks, hospitals)
Practice 9: Brainstorm unusual poses to hide:
-
- Climbing on top of the toilet inside a stall if you get stuck in a restroom, so that your legs are not visible from the outside
- Packing yourself into a tiny space that kids can fit into - in a child's pose on a chair, pushing yourself under a desk with the chair so that legs are not visible under the chair and you are covered by the desk
- Squeezing yourself into a tight or tiny space - a shelf under a desk, a locker, or between the pieces of furniture.
Practice 10: Stay put
Teach kids to stay in one position in the same place for 10-15 minutes without moving or making a sound.
Set a timer for one minute and tell your child to hide in a regular hide-and-seek place and stay there until the timer goes off.
Each round, increase the time minute by minute until kids can stay unnoticeable for 10-15 minutes while you are looking for them.
They should not disclose their location by making any sounds or movements (including giggling or breathing loudly after running to their place)
Ensure kids don't respond to conversation prompts (shooters may knock on doors or pretend to yell for help).
Practice 11: Learn how to barricade doors
- Block it using furniture (desks, podiums, bookcases, shelves) or other heavy objects (bins, containers, boxes). Try different layouts - putting the heaviest thing first to the door or last to the door, and checking which version works better.
- By fixing the opening mechanisms:
- If you have a belt, loop and tighten it around the top part of the door closer so that the arms opening the door can’t move. This is the thing ABOVE your head between the opening part of the door and the fixed part of the door.
- You can also tighten your belt around the door handle and attach it to something sturdy if it’s possible, or hold it in your hands (standing by the side of the door, avoiding the line of fire).
Step 3: Fight
This is the last resort – teach kids never to play a superhero.
Many kids believe they can fight a shooter.
Fighting is the last option. Use it only if the other options aren't available or have failed (if the room has no place to hide, the door cannot be locked or barricaded, or the door was forced open).
Little kids are not supposed to fight a shooter. But kids need to know that an adult may fight with a shooter, and they should stay as far away as they can - running away if possible - because the direction of the shots becomes unpredictable.
Older kids also need to know that as a last resort, they may attack as a class, throwing things, yelling, screaming, and keep running.
If you are an adult at school:
"What if nothing else" plan:
- Watch video three under this article.
- You most likely already have something to protect yourself with in your classroom.
- Prepare yourself mentally to fight.
- Commit to action.
- Stay out of the line of fire.
- Attack from the side of the door.
- Attack from different angles if you can involve several people.
- During your attack, make as much noise as possible to help other people know where the shooter is.
In this scenario, your biggest asset is unpredictability, focused aggression, and full-force action.
The weakest places of the shooter are his vision and the trigger of the gun.
The most challenging lesson from law enforcement is:
“If the fight leaves room for just one winner, may it be you, never stop halfway.”
Practice 12: Brainstorm improvised weapons, hiding spots, and evacuation options in your class
You can use the following objects:
- Fire extinguisher to hit or spray.
- Spray bottles with bleach, toilet cleaner, or cosmetics aerosol to spray.
- Scissors, tactical or regular pen, cubaton to poke.
- Tactical flashlight to hit.
- Rice, beads, and sand from sensory tables to distract.
- Chairs, books, backpacks, binders, laptops, flag poles, tabletop lamps, staplers, plant pots, coffee pots, skateboards, water bottles, stoves, microwaves, even phones for throwing and hitting.
- A belt can turn into a choking weapon.
- A trash can on someone's head can buy a couple of seconds as well.
Download a free checklist
"Safety Rules Checklist that every child 3-10 years old needs to know"
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More resources on this topic:
Articles:
https://amotherfarfromhome.com/what-every-mom-should-know-in-an-active-shooter-situation/
Videos:
- A lesson presented by an elementary teacher – she is talking to her class - there are no scary scenes in it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQIR1pqd3k8
- This video demonstrates a lesson on what teachers are supposed to do during a lockdown.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6YjDmAnafQ
- A clip about the training at one of the schools – ! start from the minute 3.00 (the intro is sad)
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